第三十九回 · 抗禮定身 Defying the Bow, Freezing the Court — Journey to the West

原文 Original text 繁體 Traditional Reader's edition

抗禮定身 Defying the Bow, Freezing the Court

這zhè行xíng者zhě引yǐn唐táng僧sēng站zhàn立lì在zài白bái玉yù階jiē前qián，挺tǐng身shēn不bú動dòng。那nà階jiē下xià眾zhòng官guān無wú不bù悚sǒng懼jù道dào：「這zhè和hé尚shàng十shí分fēn愚yú濁zhuó，怎zěn麼me見jiàn我wǒ王wáng便biàn不bú下xià拜bài？亦yì不bù開kāi言yán呼hū祝zhù？喏nuò也yě不bú唱chàng一yí個gè？好hǎo大dà膽dǎn無wú禮lǐ。」說shuō不bù了liǎo，只zhǐ聽tīng得de那nà魔mó王wáng開kāi口kǒu問wèn道dào：「那nà和hé尚shàng是shì那nǎ方fāng來lái的de？」行xíng者zhě昂áng然rán答dá道dào：「我wǒ是shì南nán贍shàn部bù洲zhōu東dōng土tǔ大dà唐táng國guó奉fèng欽qīn差chāi前qián往wǎng西xī域yù天tiān竺zhú國guó大dà雷léi音yīn寺sì拜bài活huó佛fó求qiú真zhēn經jīng者zhě。今jīn到dào此cǐ方fāng，不bù敢gǎn空kōng度dù，特tè來lái倒dào換huàn通tōng關guān文wén牒dié。」那nà魔mó王wáng聞wén說shuō，心xīn中zhōng作zuò怒nù道dào：「你nǐ東dōng土tǔ便biàn怎zěn麼me？我wǒ不bú在zài你nǐ朝cháo進jìn貢gòng，不bù與yǔ你nǐ國guó相xiāng通tōng，你nǐ怎zěn麼me見jiàn吾wú抗kàng禮lǐ，不bù行xíng參cān拜bài？」行xíng者zhě笑xiào道dào：「我wǒ東dōng土tǔ古gǔ立lì天tiān朝cháo，久jiǔ稱chēng上shàng國guó，汝rǔ等děng乃nǎi下xià土tǔ邊biān邦bāng。自zì古gǔ道dào：『上shàng邦bāng皇huáng帝dì，為wéi父fù為wéi君jūn；下xià邦bāng皇huáng帝dì，為wéi臣chén為wéi子zǐ。』你nǐ倒dào未wèi曾céng接jiē我wǒ，且qiě敢gǎn爭zhēng我wǒ不bú拜bài？」那nà魔mó王wáng大dà怒nù，教jiào文wén武wǔ官guān：「拿ná下xià這zhè野yě和hé尚shàng去qù！」說shuō聲shēng叫jiào「拿ná」，你nǐ看kàn那nà多duō官guān一yì齊qí踴yǒng躍yuè。這zhè行xíng者zhě喝hē了le一yì聲shēng，用yòng手shǒu一yì指zhǐ，教jiào：「莫mò來lái！」那nà一yì指zhǐ，就jiù使shǐ個gè定dìng身shēn法fǎ，眾zhòng官guān俱jù莫mò能néng行xíng動dòng。真zhēn個gè是shì校xiào尉wèi階jiē前qián如rú木mù偶ǒu，將jiāng軍jūn殿diàn上shàng似sì泥ní人rén。这zhè行xíng者zhě引yǐn唐táng僧sēng站zhàn立lì在zài白bái玉yù阶jiē前qián，挺tǐng身shēn不bú动dòng。那nà阶jiē下xià众zhòng官guān无wú不bù悚sǒng惧jù道dào：「这zhè和hé尚shàng十shí分fēn愚yú浊zhuó，怎zěn么me见jiàn我wǒ王wáng便biàn不bú下xià拜bài？亦yì不bù开kāi言yán呼hū祝zhù？喏nuò也yě不bú唱chàng一yí个gè？好hǎo大dà胆dǎn无wú礼lǐ。」说shuō不bù了liǎo，只zhǐ听tīng得de那nà魔mó王wáng开kāi口kǒu问wèn道dào：「那nà和hé尚shàng是shì那nǎ方fāng来lái的de？」行xíng者zhě昂áng然rán答dá道dào：「我wǒ是shì南nán赡shàn部bù洲zhōu东dōng土tǔ大dà唐táng国guó奉fèng钦qīn差chāi前qián往wǎng西xī域yù天tiān竺zhú国guó大dà雷léi音yīn寺sì拜bài活huó佛fó求qiú真zhēn经jīng者zhě。今jīn到dào此cǐ方fāng，不bù敢gǎn空kōng度dù，特tè来lái倒dào换huàn通tōng关guān文wén牒dié。」那nà魔mó王wáng闻wén说shuō，心xīn中zhōng作zuò怒nù道dào：「你nǐ东dōng土tǔ便biàn怎zěn么me？我wǒ不bú在zài你nǐ朝cháo进jìn贡gòng，不bù与yǔ你nǐ国guó相xiāng通tōng，你nǐ怎zěn么me见jiàn吾wú抗kàng礼lǐ，不bù行xíng参cān拜bài？」行xíng者zhě笑xiào道dào：「我wǒ东dōng土tǔ古gǔ立lì天tiān朝cháo，久jiǔ称chēng上shàng国guó，汝rǔ等děng乃nǎi下xià土tǔ边biān邦bāng。自zì古gǔ道dào：『上shàng邦bāng皇huáng帝dì，为wéi父fù为wéi君jūn；下xià邦bāng皇huáng帝dì，为wéi臣chén为wéi子zǐ。』你nǐ倒dào未wèi曾céng接jiē我wǒ，且qiě敢gǎn争zhēng我wǒ不bú拜bài？」那nà魔mó王wáng大dà怒nù，教jiào文wén武wǔ官guān：「拿ná下xià这zhè野yě和hé尚shàng去qù！」说shuō声shēng叫jiào「拿ná」，你nǐ看kàn那nà多duō官guān一yì齐qí踊yǒng跃yuè。这zhè行xíng者zhě喝hē了le一yì声shēng，用yòng手shǒu一yì指zhǐ，教jiào：「莫mò来lái！」那nà一yì指zhǐ，就jiù使shǐ个gè定dìng身shēn法fǎ，众zhòng官guān俱jù莫mò能néng行xíng动dòng。真zhēn个gè是shì校xiào尉wèi阶jiē前qián如rú木mù偶ǒu，将jiāng军jūn殿diàn上shàng似sì泥ní人rén。

逐句解 Line by line

這zhè行xíng者zhě引yǐn唐táng僧sēng站zhàn立lì在zài白bái玉yù階jiē前qián，挺tǐng身shēn不bú動dòng。这zhè行xíng者zhě引yǐn唐táng僧sēng站zhàn立lì在zài白bái玉yù阶jiē前qián，挺tǐng身shēn不bú动dòng。

This Pilgrim led the Tang Monk to stand before the white-jade steps, holding himself erect and unmoving.

白玉階前 = "before the white-jade steps." 挺身不動 = "stood stiff and still."

那nà階jiē下xià眾zhòng官guān無wú不bù悚sǒng懼jù道dào：「這zhè和hé尚shàng十shí分fēn愚yú濁zhuó，怎zěn麼me見jiàn我wǒ王wáng便biàn不bú下xià拜bài？那nà阶jiē下xià众zhòng官guān无wú不bù悚sǒng惧jù道dào：「这zhè和hé尚shàng十shí分fēn愚yú浊zhuó，怎zěn么me见jiàn我wǒ王wáng便biàn不bú下xià拜bài？

The officers below the steps, one and all in dread, said: "This monk is utterly dull and coarse — how is it that, seeing our king, he does not bow down?

Deictic 那階下: 那 = nà. 十分愚濁: 分 = fēn ("utterly"). 悚懼 = "in awe and fear."

亦yì不bù開kāi言yán呼hū祝zhù？亦yì不bù开kāi言yán呼hū祝zhù？

Nor opens his mouth to invoke a blessing?

亦不開言呼祝 = "neither speaks nor pronounces a benediction."

喏nuò也yě不bú唱chàng一yí個gè？喏nuò也yě不bú唱chàng一yí个gè？

Nor chants a single greeting?

喏 (nuò) = a called-out greeting or salute.

好hǎo大dà膽dǎn無wú禮lǐ。」好hǎo大dà胆dǎn无wú礼lǐ。」

What great insolence and discourtesy!"

好大膽無禮 = "such boldness, such rudeness."

說shuō不bù了liǎo，只zhǐ聽tīng得de那nà魔mó王wáng開kāi口kǒu問wèn道dào：「那nà和hé尚shàng是shì那nǎ方fāng來lái的de？」说shuō不bù了liǎo，只zhǐ听tīng得de那nà魔mó王wáng开kāi口kǒu问wèn道dào：「那nà和hé尚shàng是shì那nǎ方fāng来lái的de？」

Before they had finished, he heard that demon-king open his mouth and ask: "That monk — from what quarter has he come?"

說不了: 了 = liǎo ("before he had done"). 只聽得: 得 = de. 那魔王 / 那和尚 deictic 那 = nà; but 那方來的 = "from which quarter," interrogative 那 = nǎ.

行xíng者zhě昂áng然rán答dá道dào：「我wǒ是shì南nán贍shàn部bù洲zhōu東dōng土tǔ大dà唐táng國guó奉fèng欽qīn差chāi前qián往wǎng西xī域yù天tiān竺zhú國guó大dà雷léi音yīn寺sì拜bài活huó佛fó求qiú真zhēn經jīng者zhě。行xíng者zhě昂áng然rán答dá道dào：「我wǒ是shì南nán赡shàn部bù洲zhōu东dōng土tǔ大dà唐táng国guó奉fèng钦qīn差chāi前qián往wǎng西xī域yù天tiān竺zhú国guó大dà雷léi音yīn寺sì拜bài活huó佛fó求qiú真zhēn经jīng者zhě。

Pilgrim answered proudly: "I am from the Tang state in the Eastern Land, in the Southern Jambū Continent, bearing an imperial commission to go west to the Great Thunderclap Monastery in the country of India, to worship the living Buddha and seek the true scriptures.

欽差: 差 = chāi. 南贍部洲 = Jambūdvīpa, the southern continent. 活佛: 佛 = fó.

今jīn到dào此cǐ方fāng，不bù敢gǎn空kōng度dù，特tè來lái倒dào換huàn通tōng關guān文wén牒dié。」今jīn到dào此cǐ方fāng，不bù敢gǎn空kōng度dù，特tè来lái倒dào换huàn通tōng关guān文wén牒dié。」

Now, arrived in this land, I dare not pass through for nothing, and have come expressly to exchange my through-rescript."

空度: 度 = dù ("to pass through"). 倒換通關文牒: 倒 = dào.

那nà魔mó王wáng聞wén說shuō，心xīn中zhōng作zuò怒nù道dào：「你nǐ東dōng土tǔ便biàn怎zěn麼me？那nà魔mó王wáng闻wén说shuō，心xīn中zhōng作zuò怒nù道dào：「你nǐ东dōng土tǔ便biàn怎zěn么me？

That demon-king, hearing this, grew angry at heart: "You of the Eastern Land — what of it?

Deictic 那魔王: 那 = nà. 心中作怒: 中 = zhōng.

我wǒ不bú在zài你nǐ朝cháo進jìn貢gòng，不bù與yǔ你nǐ國guó相xiāng通tōng，你nǐ怎zěn麼me見jiàn吾wú抗kàng禮lǐ，不bù行xíng參cān拜bài？」我wǒ不bú在zài你nǐ朝cháo进jìn贡gòng，不bù与yǔ你nǐ国guó相xiāng通tōng，你nǐ怎zěn么me见jiàn吾wú抗kàng礼lǐ，不bù行xíng参cān拜bài？」

I pay no tribute at your court, hold no dealings with your state — how is it you flout ceremony before me and won't perform the homage?"

相通: 相 = xiāng ("deal with one another"). 不行參拜: 行 = xíng, 參 = cān ("to do homage").

行xíng者zhě笑xiào道dào：「我wǒ東dōng土tǔ古gǔ立lì天tiān朝cháo，久jiǔ稱chēng上shàng國guó，汝rǔ等děng乃nǎi下xià土tǔ邊biān邦bāng。行xíng者zhě笑xiào道dào：「我wǒ东dōng土tǔ古gǔ立lì天tiān朝cháo，久jiǔ称chēng上shàng国guó，汝rǔ等děng乃nǎi下xià土tǔ边biān邦bāng。

Pilgrim laughed: "My Eastern Land founded a heavenly court of old, long styled a suzerain realm; you and yours are but a border state of the lower land.

天朝: 朝 = cháo. 久稱上國: 稱 = chēng ("styled").

自zì古gǔ道dào：『上shàng邦bāng皇huáng帝dì，為wéi父fù為wéi君jūn；自zì古gǔ道dào：『上shàng邦bāng皇huáng帝dì，为wéi父fù为wéi君jūn；

As the old saying goes: 'The emperor of a suzerain realm is father and is lord;

為父為君: both 為 = wéi ("is"). A proverbial parallelism.

下xià邦bāng皇huáng帝dì，為wéi臣chén為wéi子zǐ。』下xià邦bāng皇huáng帝dì，为wéi臣chén为wéi子zǐ。』

the emperor of a vassal realm is subject and is son.'

為臣為子: 為 = wéi ("is"); here 子 = zǐ, the meaningful "son" (a vassal), not the neutral suffix.

你nǐ倒dào未wèi曾céng接jiē我wǒ，且qiě敢gǎn爭zhēng我wǒ不bú拜bài？」你nǐ倒dào未wèi曾céng接jiē我wǒ，且qiě敢gǎn争zhēng我wǒ不bú拜bài？」

You've not so much as received me — and yet you dare dispute my not bowing?"

你倒未曾接我: 倒 = dào ("on the contrary"). 爭我不拜 = "contend over my not bowing."

那nà魔mó王wáng大dà怒nù，教jiào文wén武wǔ官guān：「拿ná下xià這zhè野yě和hé尚shàng去qù！」那nà魔mó王wáng大dà怒nù，教jiào文wén武wǔ官guān：「拿ná下xià这zhè野yě和hé尚shàng去qù！」

That demon-king, in a great rage, told the civil and military officers: "Seize this wild monk and take him away!"

Deictic 那魔王: 那 = nà. 教文武官: causative 教 = jiào.

說shuō聲shēng叫jiào「拿ná」，你nǐ看kàn那nà多duō官guān一yì齊qí踴yǒng躍yuè。说shuō声shēng叫jiào「拿ná」，你nǐ看kàn那nà多duō官guān一yì齐qí踊yǒng跃yuè。

At the shout of "Seize!" — look — that host of officers surged forward all at once.

Deictic 那多官: 那 = nà. 一齊踴躍 = "leapt forward together."

這zhè行xíng者zhě喝hē了le一yì聲shēng，用yòng手shǒu一yì指zhǐ，教jiào：「莫mò來lái！」这zhè行xíng者zhě喝hē了le一yì声shēng，用yòng手shǒu一yì指zhǐ，教jiào：「莫mò来lái！」

This Pilgrim gave a shout, pointed with his hand, and cried: "Stay back!"

喝了一聲 = "gave a shout." 用手一指 = "pointed with a finger." 教 = jiào ("cried, bade").

那nà一yì指zhǐ，就jiù使shǐ個gè定dìng身shēn法fǎ，眾zhòng官guān俱jù莫mò能néng行xíng動dòng。那nà一yì指zhǐ，就jiù使shǐ个gè定dìng身shēn法fǎ，众zhòng官guān俱jù莫mò能néng行xíng动dòng。

At that one pointing, he worked a body-fixing spell, and the whole host of officers could not stir.

Deictic 那一指: 那 = nà. 定身法 = a spell of immobilization. 莫能行動: 行 = xíng.

真zhēn個gè是shì校xiào尉wèi階jiē前qián如rú木mù偶ǒu，將jiāng軍jūn殿diàn上shàng似sì泥ní人rén。真zhēn个gè是shì校xiào尉wèi阶jiē前qián如rú木mù偶ǒu，将jiāng军jūn殿diàn上shàng似sì泥ní人rén。

Truly: the corps-captains before the steps like wooden puppets, the generals upon the hall like men of clay.

An inline proverbial couplet kept in prose (not set as showcase verse). 將軍: 將 = jiāng ("general"). 似泥人: 似 = sì.

總評 Commentary

The confrontation proper. Wukong's refusal to bow, held over from the previous passage, now becomes open defiance: challenged by the false king for flouting the homage due, he answers with a lecture on the hierarchy of realms — Great Tang a heavenly, suzerain court, Wūjī a mere border state — and clinches it with a proverb, "the emperor of a suzerain realm is father and lord; the emperor of a vassal realm is subject and son." The argument is pure Confucian precedence, and it is also a trap: it goads the fiend into the rage that will justify what Wukong does next.

When the enraged king orders the pilgrims seized, Wukong freezes the entire court with a 定身法, a body-fixing spell, and the passage ends on an inline couplet — "the corps-captains before the steps like wooden puppets, the generals upon the hall like men of clay" — kept here as prose rather than set off as a showcase verse, since it is an embedded proverbial flourish, not a formal 詩 or 賦. The image freezes the scene at the instant of Wukong's mastery: four hundred officials rooted like statues, the usurper suddenly alone and exposed on his stolen throne.